Combined type-writing and computing machine



H L. P-ITMAN. CQMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING NIACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APRIZG. l9l5.

Patented July l 9 SHEETS-SHEET Iv INVENTOR:

H L. PITMAN.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MFLZIL I515.

IN VENTUR AW l mm BY $00142;

ATT E Patented July 1, 1919. 9 SHEETS-SHEET 2 WITNESSES:

H. L. PITMAN. COMBINED TYPE WRITINGAND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APILZG. I9I5.

. Om Q 0 I. T m n IT CL 1 V .I w N hm I mu n9 WITNESSES:

H. L. PITMAN. COMBINED TYPE WRITING m0 COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.28. lHlS.

Patented July 1, 1919.

WITNESSES:

H; L. FITMAN. COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

, l APPLICATION FILED AIR. 28,1915. 1,308,506.

Patented July 1, 1919.

9 SNEETSSHEET 5.

IN V E NTOR:

& Mm

WITNESSES:

- ATT H. L. PITMAN.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 28.15MB- INVENTOR- Patented July 1, 1919. 9 SHEETSSHEET 6 H. L. PITMAN. COMBINED TYPE WRI TING AND COMPUTING MACH|NE.

' APPLICATION FILED mun. 191s.

Patented J uly l, 1919.

R 0 T N E V N H. L. PITMAN.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUIING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APILZK. I9I5- Patented July 1, 19119.. 9 SHEETS-SHEET 8 INVENT OR:

ATT mar.

H. L. PITMAN.

COMBiNE O-TYFE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE. APPucAHo'u FlLED nrmza. ISIS.

1,308,506. Patent/ed July 1, 1919.

9 SHEETSSHEET 94 MW WW/ ATTiaRNEY.

INVENTOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY L. PITMAN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. ASSIGNOR TO UNDEBWOOD COMPUTING MACHINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMBINED TYPE-WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

Application flied April 28, 1915.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY L. PITMAX, a citizen of the United tates, residing in East Orange, in the countv of Essex and State of Xew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Tvpe-lvriting and Computing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a combined tvpewriting and computing machine of the keydriven type. Generally speaking, the computing mechanism is of the mastenwheel type, a change drive being provided through the gearing directly driving the master wheel. so that the latter may be rotated in either direction for addition or subtraction, or can be, in eflect,-disconnected from the driving mechanism in case it is not desired to compute.

The train of gearing to the master wheel may be actuated by a rack-bar, which on its initial and active stroke is in engagement with the driving train, but at the end of such stroke is moved out so that it can return idlv relatively to such driving train. The ract bar in turn ma be driven from the numeral keys through the intermediary of an indexing mechanism, including a plurality of differential elements, one for each numeral key. which have cam surfaces forming slots arranged to engage and drive an oscillator universal to all numeral he s and to all differential elements. The Sit. es of the slots in the di tl'erential elements may positively cause the movement of the oscillate /which in turn is connected to positively cause the back-and-forth movement of the driving rack bar. A I

To avoid computing when writing in upper-case characters. the case-shift frame maybe connected to interrupt the train of linkages between the oscillator and the drivihg rack bar. A single universal full-stroke mechanism may be provided for the rack bar to insure the full return. of the same before the next numeral key is actuated.

This mechanism may cooperate with a locking mechanism for the numeral keys, which enforces the full return of the depressed numeral key before the same or any other numeral key can be depressed. Thus, the present invention provides means whereby much of the usual full-stroke mechanism may be simplified.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 1, 1919.

Serial No. 24,390.

It has been found advantageous in the present invention to timeor control part of tluffeomputing mechanism by the usual universal bar of an Underwood typewritinp machine, which only comes into action near the end of a key stroke. By making this universal bar bodily remove the abovementioned rack har'clear of the computing driving, gears, it nlikes it impossible for the master wheel to be'turninp while the tvpewriter escapement is feeding the t ypewrilcr; yet, at the same time a suliicient part of the typewriter key stroke is reserved for the computing operation. In the present invention it has been found advantageous to provide a detent for the master wheel which automatically both locks and alines it whenever said rack bar is made ineffective by moving it clear of the other gears. This makes it certain that the master wheel has itsteeth in the proper position whenever the carriage feeds. A latch may insure that the rack cannot return to meshingposition until it has arrived where it will assume its normal position of rest, thus insuring that when meshing takes place all parts n'illassuine proper positions.

The full-return key device. mentioned above, may be also controlled by said rack bar and the typewriter escapement mechanism, thus compelling said device to be effective whenever advantageous, but at the same time making it possible to eliminate any unnecessary interference with the operation of the numeral he s.

The numeral key loc ting device may include a device for preventing'the simultaneous operation of keys. and this device may be utilized for locking the keys at the pointing oti' places in computations. This same device may be further utilized for preventing the operation of the numeral keys when matter is written which should not involve any operation of the computing devices. For this purpose, a bichrome ribbon device analogous to the ordinary device may be utilized with the added.advantage that said bichrome device may determine whether addition or subtraction is to be. performed. Thus, added digits and matter not computed may be written in black while all subtraction may be entered in red.

f These devices for preventing a simultaneous operation of keys make it impossible to tie u the machine by depressing two numera keys at once by amming the oscillator into two cam slots at once.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear. In .the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical skeleton section taken from front to rear, showing, in a general way, the combined typewriting and computing mechanism."

Fig. 2 is a skeleton perspective view, showing the numeral keys and the mechanism which may operate, the'9 key being partiallydepressed in the act of effecting .a combined 'ty'pewriting and computing operation. 'Fig. 3 is a fragmentary side'view of the 1 numeral key lever with its differential cain slot for :eti'ectin a driving action of the computing inec ianisni correspondin to the value of the key.

' Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 3, except that it is for the 9 key, the extreme variation in the valuating cam slots being evident by comparison of the same with that of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view in front elevation, with arts omitted for simplicity, and parts bro en away to show the underlying structure, the'compiiting mechanism being shown as adjusted to subtract.

Fig. '6 is a fragmentary detail view of the locking mechanism for preventing the depression of more than one numeral key at a time. One of the keys is shown in dotted lines in its normal raised position, and in full lines in its depressed or actuated posi tion, in which latter position it will be seen that it crowds the locking interferants together so that no other numeral key can be de ressed.

ig. T is a vertical section from front to rear through a computing head or totalizer, and showing the parts thereof in a position at rest with the 0" of the'dial wheel exhibthe carriage is shown in full lines in its connected position, and in dotted lines in its disconnected position.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view.

'ing, neutral, and subtraction. The mechanism in'this figure is adJusted for addition.

similar to Fig. 7, exce )t that a numeral key has been actuated, an the yarions parts are shown in the positions which they will occupy, with the numeral-key proceeding on its down stroke near the end thereof.

Fig. 9 if a viewsimilan to Figs. 7 and 8 after the key has reached the limit of its down stroke and the master wheel has been locked against (overthrow and the driving rack bar is irbout to be disconnected from driving relatioii i'vith its pinion for the return stroke. v

Fig. 10 show'sa art of the structure of Figs. 7 tot) in a' slightly further advanced position, where the totalizer' has been disconnected so that it may advance to the next' letter-spa witlrthe typewriter carriage and with the" ivin rack bar withdrawn from engagement wit 1 the pinion which it drives so that it can return idly.

Fig. 11 -is a detailof the drivin 'niechaiiism for the totaliz er o computingiiead and the carry-over train, siowing, how a carryjustify the carry-overwheels. and yet only one being necessary for the-whole group of carry-over wheels. i

a Fig. 13 is a view in front elevation of the fOtilllZQl or computing head. showing the carry-over mechanism and the change drive for the master-wheel mechanism.

Fig. 14 is a skeleton perspective -view of the change-drive gearing to the master-wheel.

Fig. 15 is a skeleton.perspective view of the lock for the totzilizer which prcveuts the travel thereof while the master wheel is being driven. a 1

Fig. 16 is a skeleton perspective view of the portion ofthe driving rack for the train of gearing to'the master wheel.

17 is a skeleton perspective view of the mechanism for shifting the driving rack to the train of gearing for the iii-.istei-wheel out of mesh with the intermediate barrel gear which it drives, the motion being a parallel-link motion, with provision for locking the rack in its disengaged position until it has completely returned to its home position. I

Fig. 18 is a skeleton section taken from front to rear oft-he machine. showing the 9 key 'as having been actuated to print and to run 'up a computation.

Fig. 19 is a detail of the state-controlling mechanism showing how the change gear connection of thedrive to the master wheel is shifted from the bichrome ribbon shift, to give any one of. three states. to wit, add- Fig. 20 is a view similar to Fig. ltl except that the mechanism is adjusted for neutral or non-adding.

Figs-.21 to 24 are detail. views showing means for preventing a too-quick repeated action of the same numeral key or another numeral key before'the parts have returned to their normal-positions after the initiation of a computation. Fig. 21 shows how this mechanism permits the return of the actuated numeral key, while Fig.3? shows how this mechanism prevents a premature down stroke of a numeral key.

Fig. :25 shows a detail of the connection of the 1 key to the computing mechanism which it drives, and how it is dominated from the case-shift frame, so that when writing upper-case characters, the computing mechanism may besilenced. In this view, however, the machine is adjusted for writing lower-case characters and the computing connection is not silenced.

ig. 26 is a skeleton perspective view of the silence-able connection between the numeral keys and the computing mechanism, the 9 key-lever being shown in this instance. The mechanism in this view is also in its unsileneed condition.

Fig. 27 is a skeleton section from front to rear, and showing parts illustrated in Figs. and 26, except that the case-shift frame is adjusted for writing upper-case characters and the computing connection is silenced, so that although the 1 numeral key is depressed, no computation will be effected.

F ig, 281' -is a skeleton perspective view showing how the locking means for the numeral keys is brought into play where a punctuation mark, such as a comma or a decimal point, should be written in a group of figures, whereby no numeral key can be actuated at such a time.

Fig.29 is a detail view of the group of computing wheels and the detent means therefor, illustrating also the increased width of a computing wheel for a punctuation space.

Fig. 30 is a spread-apart perspective view of the partsshown in Fig. '29. i

Fig. 31 is a skeleton line and diagrammatic view of the control for the state or character of computation of the computing. mechanism from the bichrome shift.

Fig. 3-2. is a diagrammatic skeleton line view, showing the various computing connections from the numeral key to a computing head and cooperating mechanism.

-'umeral keys 35 and character keys 36 depress key-levers 37, to rock bell cranks 38, to swing type bars 39 up rearwardly against the front' side of a platen 40 mounted to rotate on a carriage 41. The carriage 41 travels step by step at the striking of the keys under the control of an escapement mechanism indicated in general at 42, and including a rack bar 43, pivotally mounted on the carriage 41, and engaging a pinion 44 connected for movement with an escapement wheel 45, which is controlled by a pair of dogs 46 and 47, one of which is fixed and the other of which is movable. Thedogs 46 and 47 are actuated by a universal frame 48, supported for back-and forth reciprocation on a swinging frame 49, and provided with a universal bar 50, -which lies in the path of heels 51 provided 39, so thatwhen any of. the latter come up to strike the work-sheet. on the platen 40,

"key, the guide 63 is moved selected by the operative.

on the type bars the universal frame 48 will be oscillated to permit a step movement of the carriage 41 under the control of the escapcment wheel 45. Jump movements of the carriage 41 may also be obtained in'addition to the stepby-step movements, by means of any suitable ta'bulating mechanism, such as that indicated, by a tabulating key 52.

The type bars 39 for the numeral keys 35, well as the character keys 36, are rovided with two sets of characters a'i3antl 54, so that they'each control selectively the writing of twodifferent characters. 11 the ease of the numeral keys, the digits or numbers are usually written by the lower-case type 53, while some other characters are written by the upper-case type 54. To effeet the change from writing normally lower-case characters to writing upper-case characters, the platen 40 is mounted to be shifted from a lower-case position to an upper-ease position. For this. purpose. it is mounted in an inner carriage 55, shiftably mounted in the main carriage 41. The inner carriage 55 is provided with one ormore rollers 56, resting on the shift rail 57 of a shift frame 58 pivoted to rock about the axis and:semi-permanent type. such as is usually found in the Underwood typewriting machine. The levers of the keys 60 are each provided with an arm 61, which extends up into engagement with one of the arms of the shift frame 58, so as to engage the same and rock the rail 57 upwardlv, and. thus bring the line of print of the platen 40 opposite the upper-case type it on the type bars 39 when the latter are swung to their printing position. v

The type 53-. 54 print indirectly on thework-sheet carried by-the platen 40 through f an ink ribbon 62 threaded through a guide 63. The ink ribbon 62 is preferably of two colors, for instance red and black, and known as a bichrorne ribbon. At each strokeof a to. interpose the ribbon 62 between the type and the worksheet on the platenwhich portion of the ribbon, whether red or black. is interposed depends on the exigencies of the moment as The guide 63 is actuated. by a vibrator 64 pivoted at 65. This mechanism is of the well-known Underwoodtype more fully described in Patent 926.050, granted to Frank A. Cook, June 22. 1909.

The vibrator 64 includes a pair of pins 66, ,67, at different radial distances from the 12 pivot 65. and arranged to be engaged selectively by spaced cars 68, so as to determine able on the universal frame 48, so that it will move back and forth with the frame at the actuation of each key. The transverscshiftiug of the slide 9 is effected manually by means of a pair of balanced keys 70. 71, se cured to a shaft 72, which is provided with an arm 73 connected to the slide (39. The adjustment of the slide 69 determines which of the ears 68 shall engage one of the pins 66, 67, and thus the extent of throw of the ribbon 62. and thereby determines in what color the printing shall be. In the position of the double key-lever 70, 71 shown in Fig. 5. the printing will be in red, while in the position shown in Figs. 19 and "20, the printing will be in black.

The typewriting mechanism thus far considered is well known in the Underwood t-ypewriting machine, and in itself forms no part of the present invention, but combines and cooperates with the computing mechanism which will now be described, to

'form a combined typewriting and comput ing machine giving concomitant computing and typewriting actions for the same numbers by'the striking of a single set of numeral keys.

In the present exemplification of the machine. the computing mechanism is keydriven. that is. the numeral keys furnish the actual power which operates the various parts of the computing mechanism.

Il -he valuating or indexing mechanism for determining the extents of computing actions to accord with the digital values of the numeral keys as actuated. is connected, at least in part directly to the numeral keys. For this purpose. there is provided on each of the numeral-keylevers 37 from 1" to 9." a difi'erentiator T4. The differentiators are each shown in the form of a plate at tached to the key-lever. and having a cam slot 75 open at its lower end. as at 76. The open ends 76 are all in alincment with each other. and. generally speaking. in register with a rail 7? universal to all-of the difi en tiators 74. The rail 77 forms the crosspiece of a bail 78, having arms 79 mounted on a rock shaft 80. The bail 78 may be considered a part of the valuating or indexing mechanism, and inasmuch as it is oscillated varying amounts at the striking of the several numeral keys according to which numeral key is actuated at any particular time, it may be termed an oscillator.

To obtain the variations in the movements of the oscillator 78, the cam slots 75 are of different conformation and have different curvatures. For example, by reference to Figs. 1 to 4, it will be seen that the righthand and upper edg of each cam slot 75 is bordered by a cam edge 81, which extends from the. open end of the slot toward the left an amountdependent upon the value of the associated numeral key: 35. For example. for the 1 key (Fi 3), the inclination is slight, while for tie 9 key (Fig. l). the inclination is quite great. The extent of inclination between the 1 key and the Q key is graded step by step in an increasing manner and by a nod increment, so that the bail 78 will be shifted increasing amounts, if the numeral he s are suooessively operated starting witi the 1 key and proceeding to the 9 key. The slots 75 are provided with a dwell or idle portion 82, winch permits a certain amount of idle movementof the numeral keys 35 after the computing drive thereby has been finished. It will be noted in passing that although the cam edge 81 for the 9 and other high numbered diiferentiatqrs is seemingly abrupt toward the finish of its action, nevertheless the same will operate very easily and smoothly, because of the fact that by this time the rail 77 will have moved considerably to the left of its starting osition almost directly above the axis 0 the pivot shaft 80.

The oscillator 78 forms one element in a driving train to one or more totalizers or computing heads 83, so that numbers may be run into the computing heads as they are printed at the actuation of the numeralkeys 35. It is not always necessar however, to compute when writing with numeral keys, and for this purpose the connection from the oscillator to the totalizer has been made interruptible, whereby the computing action of the numeral keys may be silenced. The connection from the oscillator 78 includes a pin 84 on one of the arms 79 thereof, which, when located between a pair of horns or projections 85 on a humpbacked interponent 86. will drive the latter to effect a computing operation. The humpbacked leven St; is pivoted at 87 to a lever 88 mounted on the shaft 80. The oscillator 78 and the lever 88 are not connected, however, directl y by the shaft 80. but are connected for driving movement through the lever 86. Normally a spring 89 holds the humpbacked lever 86 in its raised position, so that the horns S5 straddle the pin 84, forming a positive connection between the lever 86 and the oscillator TS.

\Vhen. however, it is desired not to compute, for example. when writing upper-case characters with the numeral keys 35, the lever 86, which is in reality an interponent, can be depressed against the tension of the spring 89. to a disconnected and silent position. To do this, the shift frame 58 is connected by a link 90 to a bell crank 91 having a finger 92 overlying one end of the interponent lever 86. hen the shift frame 58 is rocked to permit the writing of uppercase characters, the finger92 will depress the inter onent lever 86, so that the horns 85 will 0 ear the pin 84, thereby disconnect 1 ,sos,ooe

ing the oscillator, and hence the numeral lreys, from the totalizer and other comput- "mg mechanism operated by the lever 88.

The; downward movement of the lever 86 and the finger 92 is limited by an arm 93 of 'ments of the oscillator 78 are transmitted 1 to the lever 88, to transfer these movements to the actuating mechanism of the computing head or totalizer 83; The lever 88 is pivotally connected to a link 95, which 15 ar ranged to oscilla'te an arm 96 secured to a rock shaft 97 (Fi s. 7 to 14). Connected to rock with the s aft 97, is a second arm 98, which is connectedby a link 99, to the forward end of a driving rack bar 100 which forms a part of the actuating mechanism. a

The rack bar 100 is adapted to drive a master wheel 101 through a change-gear train 102. This change-gear train includes a pinion 103 to mesh with rack teeth 101 provided on the rack bar 100. The pinion 103 (Fi 13 and 14) is a barrel gear having teet of considerable width, so as to slide transversely of the rack bar 100, and yet be capable of meshing therewith in all of these positions. The gear 103 is secured to'a shaft 105, to which is also secured a gear 106. This latter gear 106 may mesh alternatively with a gear 107 or with a gear 108 secured to the master wheel shaft 109. If the gear 106 meshes directly with the gear 108, it will drive the master wheel in one direction. If, however, it meshes with the gear 107, it will drive the master wheel in the opposite direction through an intermediate gear 110 cured for rotation with the gear 107' and meshing with the gear 108 on the master wheel shaft 109.

The direction of rotation of the master wheel 101 will determine whether the computation will be adding or subtracting. T 0 obtain the change in driving relation between the actuated rack bar 100 and the masher wheel 101, the barrel gear 103 and the large gear 106 are moved together as a unit, the barrel gear 103 maintamm its teeth always ready to be meshed with the rack 104, while the gear 106 shifts from engagement with the gear 107 to engagement with the'gear 108, or to an intermediate position. To obtain this shifting in the gears 103 and 100, to change the direction of drive, or to control the drive of themaster wheel, the

shaft 105 on which they are secured,'1s

' mounted-for sliding movement in'the direction of its length (Figs. 19 and 20). To shift the sllaft 105, and with it the gears 103 and 106, a collar 111 is provided on the shaft to be engaged by a lever 112, which in turn will be located intermediate theplanesof the' gears 107 and 108. so that it ,will, drive neither of them. If, agaiiuit is "desired to subtract, with the printingjn red the double key lever 70. 7 1 is manipulated to its Fig. .5 position, when. the gears 103, .106 will be shifted to the extreme left, bringing the gear 100 into mesh with the gear 107, so that the latter will drive indirectly through the. gear 110. the gear 108' and thus the master wheel, in the opposite direction.

The master wheel 101 is adapted to drive the computing wheels of the totalizer 83 serz'atim. The computing wheels of the totalizer are arranged in pairs in the same plane, including secondary computing wheels 1'11 arranged to mesh directly withthe master wheel, and primary computing wheels 115 having numbers on theirperipheries so as to be in the form of (hill wheels, meshing with the computing wheels 11-1. The di'al wheels 115 have large block-shaped teeth 116, with the numbers on the block faces of the teeth arranged to be brought into, view at a sight opening 117 provided in the totalizer or computing head casing 118; Inasmuch as the teeth of the dial wheels 115 are block-shaped to acconnnodatethe numbers on the peripheries thereof, the teeth of the computing wheels 111 must be widespread to mesh properly therewith, and hence the master wheel 101,. which drives the computing wheels 111, must have its teeth block-shaped to mesh properly with the computing wheels 114. To obtain the relative traveling movement between the master wheel 101 and the computing wheels of the totalizer 83, the latter is made to travel by connecting it with the carriage 41. For this purpose, there is provided on the front of the carriage $1, a rail 119 having on its under surface ii'series of slots120 located at letter-space; intervals, and forming teeth therebetween.

Mounted on the casing or frame118'of the totalizer 83, there is provided a latch 121, -which is pivoted at 122, and normally urged my a spring 123, so as to bring one end there- .*of into one of the slots 120 provided in the rail 119. The intrusion of the latch 121 in one of the slots 120 will lock the .totaliZer to the carriage 41, so that it'will travel therewith as the latter moves step by step at the striking of the numeral keys. Th1s, then,

- the digim corresponding to the numeral keys actuated, can be run into the computing wheels and exhibited by the dialwheels 115 through the sight opening 117.

If itis desired tochange the position of .the totalizer relative to the carnage, so as to alter the position of the computing zone, the latch 121 may "be depressed against the tension of its spring 123, and the totalizer carriage'slid sidewise relatively to the typewriter carriage. The movement of the latch 121 may beadjustably limited by a finger 124 thereon extending betWBBIL-fi pair of adjustable stop nuts'125 and 126 provided on the casing or carriage of the totalizer. To support the totalizer in its movement, there is provided on the frame of the typewriting ,machine, a rail 12 7 havinga track 128 in which runs a pair of ridge rollers 129, which are prevented from jumping off the rail 127 by means of a guard 130. To prevent in-andouh rocking of the totalizer, there are provided rollers 131 rotating about a vertical axis and travelin between tracks 132 and. 133 provided by an opening in the bottom of the rail 127. The rollers may be provided with ball bearings 134, so as to make the same smooth ridin In order to avoid any possibility of a relativemovement between the computing wheels and the master wheel wh'en the latter is rotated to effect a driving action, as when running a computation into the computing wheels, th totalizer carriage is locked against movement. For this purpose, the totalizer carriage is provided with a rack 135, with spaces between the teeth at letter-space intervals.

On the frame 136 which supports the actuatin mechanism for thetotalizer, there is provi ed a bell crank 137 having a dog 138 arranged to engage between the teeth of the rack 135. The bell crank 137 is also provided with a locking tooth 139, which normally engages between the teeth of the master wheel 101 to prevent rotation thereof. Vhen, however, a numeral key is actuated and the drivin action of the naster wheel is to be starte the bell cram 137 will be rocked to remove the locking tooth 139 from engagement with the master wheel 101, and to brin the dog,138 into engagement with the raclg 135, thus havin a concomitant un locking of the master w eel and a locking against travelin movement of the totalizer. To rock the ll crank 137 at this time, there is provided in the rack bar 100, which forms one of the main drivin members, a

cam depression orsocket 140, in which normall reststhe hook end of an arm 141 secure to a shaft 142. Vhen the rack bar 100 starts forward in its driving movement, the cam surface of the socket 140 will force the 'totalizer carriage will be 100 arm 141 out on to the dwell ortion 143.6! the rack bar 100, thereby roc thesha-ft 142. The shaft 142 hassecutherewith for swingin movement, an arm 144 (Fig. 15), which ooks upwardly-to enga e one arm 145 of the bell crank lever 137. t will thus be seen that whilethe rack" bar 100 is traveling forward with its'rack 104 in driving engagement with the barrelgear 103,, the

ed against traveli movement, and the masterwheel 101 will be unlocked to' permit a rotation of .the same.

When a numeral key 35 has completed its valuating or indexing movement, the rack bar 100 would have completed its driving movement forward, so thatduring the remainder of the down stroke of the numeral key, the rack bar 100 can be removed from engagement with the pinion 103, to rmit an idle return movement of the rack bar 100. Inasmuch as the movement of the universal frame 48 which controls the escapeinent mechanism of the carriage, takes place toward the end of the keystroke,- this action is utilized to control the disconnection of the rack bar 100 from engagement with the pin- ,ion 103 which it drives, as by this time the computing action will have been completed.

To do this, the swinging frame 49 for the universal frame 48 is 'provlded'with a downwardly extending arm 146, which is bifurcated to loosely engage a pin 147 on one arm 148 of a bell crank lever 149, the other arm 150 of which is connected to a link 151'. The link 151 isconnected' to swing an arm152 on a rock shaft 153, to which is also secured an arm 154. The arm 154 has a pin 155 which engages in a slot or play-way 156 provided in the rack bar 100. A second slot 157 is provided, which is engaged by a'pin 158 on a double bell crank 159, one arm 160, of which is connected by a link 161, to an offset 162 of the arm 154. It will thus be seen that this provides a parallel mot-ion, whereby when the shaft 153 is rocked at the backward movement of the universal frame -18, at the end of a key stroke, the rack bar 100 willbe moved bodily downward, in a horizontal position, out of mesh with the gear 103.

As the rack teeth 104 come out of mesh with the gear 103, it is desirable tolock the latter a nst rotation, so that the rack and gear wi l readily mesh again on an upward movement of therack bar 100. For this purpose, the double bell crank 159 has a locking arm 163 provided with a dog 161 adapted to swing down in between two of the teeth on the gear 103 as the bell crank 159 rocks-to swing the rack bar 100 out of mesh with the gear 103. As the actuated numeral key 35 is returned by its spring 165, the rack bar 103 will return to its normal position indicated at Fig. 7.

In order that th rack bar 100 may return the full distance, there is provided a full-stroke mechanism including a rack 166. on the bar 100 havin ratchet teeth facing their abrupt sides to t 1e left (in Fig. 16) to be engaged by a spring-pressed pawl 16?, which will permit movements of the rack bar 100 to the ri ht but will prevent movements to the left. ormally, when the rack bar 100 is in its raised position, it is free and clear of the pawl 167, so as not to beintcrfered with thereby, but when in its depressed position,itcon1es into engagement with the pawl 167, which latter forms with the rack 166, a

full-stroke mechanism. The full-stroke mechanism would not be complete, however, if the rack 100 could move to its up )er position before itfinished its stroke. 0 avoid such premature movement, a pin 168, which pivotally connects the link 161 with the arm 160 of the double bell crank 159, has an extension 169 (Figs. 7, 8 and 17), which is cut away to form a sharp corner 170.

\Vhen the parallel linkage is in its fully depressed position corresponding to the complete disengagement of the rack bar 100 from the pinion 103, and with the rack 166 and the pawl 167 in cotiperative relation, then a latch 171 brings its notch 172 into engagement with the corner .170, locking the parallel linka e from return motion until the latch 171 is released. The latch 171 is secured to a shaft 172, on which is secured an arm 173 pressed by a spring 174, so as to normally tend to bring the latch 171 into its effective )osition. \Vhen, however, the driving rack ar 100 comes to its home position (Fig. 7), arm 98 connected thereto by link 99 engages an adjustable stop screw 175 on the arm 173, and rocks the arm, together with the latch 171, against the tension of the spring 174, to the ineffective position of the latch 171. It will thus be seen that as the driving rack bar 100 completes its return movement it releases the latch 171, and thus )ermits a return movement ofthe parallel linkage together with the rack bar 100 so that the latter will be in a position to mesh once more with the gear 103. The upward movement of the parallel linkage, and thus of the driving rack bar 100, is limited accurately by an adjustable set screw 176,

, which engages a projection or toe 177 provided on the link 161.

It is desirable to prevent too rapid action of the numeral keys either of the same'one or different ones, so that a computing action initiated by'one numeral key may be completed before it or any other numeral key can be actuated. For this purpose, each of the numeral he s 35 is provided with a pendent link 17 (Figs. 21 to 24), each of which extends down in a guiding slot 179 in a common bar 180. The links 178 are provided with downwardl -facing ratchet teeth 181 to be engaged by t e associated one of a raised its full amount.

computation, then the pawls 182 are brought to their effectiveposition by the shaft 183,

so as to prevent t e depression of the same or any other numeral key until the computingulction started has been com leted.

he shaft 183 rocks the paw 182 indirectly so as to permit them to yield, and thus admit of the upward-movement of the link on the previously depressed numeral key, as in ig. 21. To provide for this, each of the pawls'18'2 is looselymounted on the shaft 183, but is provided with a collar 181, which has a one-half-moon sector 185 cooperating with a similar half-moon section 186 on a collar 187 secured to the shaft 183. There is a certain amount of play between the two collars 184 and 187, which is taken up by a spring 188, which urges the pawl 182 to its work, and yet yields sufficiently to permit the u ward movement of the link, as in Fig. 21. ne end of the spring 188 may be socured to a collar 189 fixed on the shaft 183, the other end of the spring engaging the back of the associated pawl 182.

In order to operate the shaft 183, and thus bring the pawls 18'2 to their working position at the proper instant, there is )rovided I on the shaft 183, an arm-190, whici is connected by a link 191 to an arm 192 secured on the shaft 153. It will be remembered that the shaft 153 is rocked from the universal frame 48 toward the end of the numeralkey stroke, which occurs'after the computing action has been completed.

It is thus evident that the series of pawls 182 will come into action as each numeral key finishes its stroke and after it has completed its computing action, so that the numeral key if allowed to rise partially, cannot be again depressed; nor can the same or another numeral key be depressed until the particular numeral key in action has been One of the reasons for this is the fact that the latch 171 prevents a return action of the linkages, and

thus a return rocking of the shaft 153 until the driving rack bar 100 has returned to its normal position, when the latch 171 is released.

The dependent links 178 are also used to prevent the de ression of more than one numeral key at t e same time. For this purpose, they areeach ward extension 193 i 's. 21 to 24 and 28}.

which acts as an intru er and forces itself .betweefi a pair of hinges 194, 195, which rovided with a" reap a are pivotally mounted at their upper extds,

and provided avith abutting extensions 1% 1nd 197. The. hinges 194, 195 are close] arranged, so that they abut together in a series, and the extent of their movement is limited on both sides by pins 198. 19 (Figs. 5, 6 and 28), to an amount corresponding to the thickness of solely one of the extensions 193. It thus happens that if one of these intruding extensions is forced between a pair of the hinges. there will be no more room for any other extension, and. hence. no other key can be depressedavhile one is already depressed. It would also prevent'the simultaneous depression of two keys, inasmuch as there is not room enough for two of the extensions to crowd between two pairs of the hinges 194 and 195 at the same time.

The crowding lock just described .is also used to prevent the actuation of any nib meral key at a punctuation space, so that where it may be desiredl to space off tlousands from hundreds b v a comma; pr w, iere it is desired to space .ofi' dollars from cents by a decimal point. no nuineral key can be struck to tend to cause an actuation. For this purpose, there are provided on the totalizer carriage. pins 200 (Figs. 7, 1, 3 fand 2S). which'pins are located with respect to the dial wheels 7116 in correspondence with the spaces between hundreds and thousands. and between dollars and cents. The tens of cents dial wheel 201 (Fig. 13) and the hundreds of dollars dial wheel 202 may be extra wide to allow for the writing of-the comma and decimal point between them and the next higher dial wheel.

The pins 200 as the totalizer travels along in .correspondence with the' step by step movement of the-typewriter carriage. come into engagement with a cam point 203 of a trigger lever 201 at the time when a comma or decimal point should be written on the work-sheet. The trigger lever 204- will thus he rocked against the tension of a ".jspring 205. so as to draw on a link 206. fwhich in turn will rock a lever 20c. so as to intrude an arm "20% thereon between the end hinges 195 (Fig. '23) and the limiting pin 199. The arm 208 is of sufficient magnitude to crowd all of the hinges 194. 195 together. so

'as to prevent the intrusion of any of the links 178. and thus prevent the depression of an) of the minimal keys The particular character ke v 36 which writes a comma or a period. can be actuated at this time. when the totalizcr carriage will advance. releasing the lever 204 so that its spring '20.) may remove the crowding arm 208 from between the end hinge 193 and the pin 199. thus permitting the actuation of one of the numeral keys 5.. for the next letter space. to run a digit into the proper dial wheel. The computing wheels 11+ corresponding to the wide dial wheels 201 and 202. aremade of corre ponding widths so as to properly cooperate therewith.

As each dial wheel completes tblOtfitlOll,

nabs-s06 y it is necessary to can l to, or borrow It will be noted that the majority of the teeth on the computin wheelsllel occupy but a fraction of the w dthof each computing wheel sg th at they are of 'suflicient width to drive t-lTdial wheels 115, but not of suflicient widt to lap two of the carry-over wheels 2091 Once in each revolution of each computingj wheel, however, an elongatedi' tooth 210$vilib ome into engagement with the cai'ry o f'e' wheels 209. and this tooth is of suflicient transverse magnitude to-engage the carry-over wheel 209 which engages all of the teeth of the next higher computing wheel 11%. It is thus evident that when a com nitin wheel 114 com letes a revolution l {I P corresponding to the (OmlIlg of *0 0n the dial wheel 115 to the sight opening 117 then the next higher computinv wheel will be locked for rotation therewith so as to carry 1" to the next higher computing wheel. This is true for either direction of rotation of the computing and dial wheels, so that tens-cariwing and borrowing can be effected for addition and subtraction. \Vhere the dial wheels are extra wide for the punctuation spaces, the carry-over teeth 210 are extra. wide so as to bridge an intermediate idle carry-over wheel 209, and engage the next higher-carry-over wheel which overlaps the next higher computing wheel.

Inasmuch as there is a relative movement between the carry-over wheels 209 which are stationary, andt-he computing wheels 11% which travel with the totalizer, it is essen:

tial that the computing wheels 114 always est carry-over whee-hon the one hand, or

with the master wheel on the other hand it Q 85 arm of will be engaged by the ustifving and locking edges'213, 2H, and held against accidental rotation, so that when it' once more comes into register with either the master 5 wheel or the'carry-over wheels, it will be in pr per condition to mesh therewith.

'lhe carry-over wheels 209 are locked against accidental rotation by detents- 215, one for each carry-over wheel, and provided with noses 216 arranged. to engage between "ll'he-n a carry-over operation is taking place, however. with one of the wheels 209, the bail '21? will be raised from a position resting on the detent 215, so that the silent carry-over wheels might be subject to accidental movement were it not for the provision of additional restraining means for the detents. This latter restraining means, however. is arranged to be quite weak, so that ,in a-series carryover. very little burden of 80 work would be placed on the driving mechanism. For this purpose, each of the (letents 21? is provided with a rcarwardly extending finger 2:20 (Fig. 11), having'a cam face 221 engageable hy'a cam face 222 of ohe a lever 2:23. There is one of these levers 223 for each of the detents 215, and the other arm thereof is engaged by a plunger '22- urged into action by a spring 223.

It will thus be seen that the universal bail 217 with its spring, strong enough to justify any of the carry-over wheels, and when not effective on all the detents 215, these deteutsare lightly held against accidental movenu-nt by the spring-actuated plungers 22+. whereby the carry-over wheels will be justified properly without an exces sive burden being placed thereon. as might be the case if each individual detent spring were strong enough to' justify its carry-over wheel.

Further provision is made to. loclc the carry-over wheels against accidental movement avhcnthe totalizer is in a computing zone except when a carry-over operation is necessary. For this purpose. there are pro- I vided a plurality of locks 226. shown in the form of levers pivoted at 2:27, and having beveled followers 228 to ride readily over beveled hacks 229 provided on the detents 215. This enables a relative movement between the detents 215 and the locks 226 which are carried y the shaft 227 of the totalizer. without danger of an obstructing action. Xormally each of the locks 226 15 held with its lower end engaging snugly with the detent 215 in engagement therewith, by

a tooth 230 thereon engaging the periphery of the corresponding computing wheel 114. lVhen, however, the associated dial wheel 115 passes fro'i-ht-heFig. 8 position to the Fig. 7 position. to bring its 0" to the sight opening 11], then at a point partway of that motion, a socket 231 (Fig. 30) will come into register with the tooth 230, as in Fig. 11 permitting the lock 2:26 to rock at this time, which is the timewhen the broad to0th210 causes a rotation of the next higher computing wheel, through the intermediary of one of the carry-over wheels 209. It will thus be seen that at the time of carryover only does the lock 226 permit a releasing movementof the detent 215 with which it happens to be in engagement at the instant. To prevent excessive vibration, the locks 226mm be limited in their movement by a universal guard rail 232.

The operation of the device will he readilv understood when taken in connection with the above description. If it is desired to use the type-writing mechanism without computing, the hichrome shift key lever T0. T1 is adjusted to its neutral position (Fig. '20), when the machine will print black without computing, as the master wheel will be disconnected from the key-driven valuat ing mechanism. If it is desired to add. the lever is adjusted to the Fig. 19 position. while if subtraction is desired, the lever is adjustedto the Fig. 5 position.

After the machine has been adjusted for the type of computationdesired. the typewriter carriage 41 is advanced to a com puting zone, which may be varied by vary- 7 ing the position of the totalizer through its connecting latch 121. The numeral keys are then struck. and the indexing o-r valuating mechanism will translate the fixed movements of the numeral keys into various movements of the oscillator 73 according to M0 the values of the. numeral kevs actuated.

It will be noted that each of the cam slots 75 has a dwell portion at its end. so that the numeral keys have a certain amount of passive movement as to computing action. during the initial portion of their down stroke.

The various movements of the oscillator 78, if the machine is set for writluglowercase characters with the numeral keys, will 12.0 be transmitted through the linkage connections to the driving rack 100. This driving lack is normally in the position shown in Fig. 7, but as the oscillator TSstarts to rock the arm 98, the pitman or link )9 will start to advance the same forwardly. During the initial part of this movement of the rack 100, the turned-down end of the arm 141 will be eammed out of the socket on to the level in back of the same seas 3 to rock the arm 1511 and the arm 144, causing the latter in turn to rock the bell crank lever 145, which it will be remembered,

forms a double lock, the parts of which are alternative in their actions. The rocking of the bell crank lever MQ-withdraws the lockin?' tooth 139 from the master wheel 101, re easing the same for rotation, atthe same time forcing the dog 138 into the rack 135" and the gear 106 relative to the alternative train of gearing to the master wheel shaft 109. The master wheel 101 when rotated, drives whichever computing wheel it happens to be in register with, an amount corresponding to the particular numeral key actuated.

The driving rack 100 will complete its forward movement. even for the numeral key .9," before the latter has completed its downward movement. by virtue of the peculiar form of the cam slot 75. Hence, at

' I the end of the stroke of a numeral key, as

the heel 51 on the type bar forces the uni-e:

vcrsal frame'48 backwardly, the computing operation will have been completed, so that this rearward motion of the universal frame can be used to depress the driving rack bar 100 out of engagement with the pinion 103. This is done, as explained above, through the linkages including the parts 116 to 161. This action it will be remembered, moves the driving rack bar 100 in a perfectly horizontal )osition, then carries it completelv clear 0 the gear 103, and brings the fullstroke rack 166 into the reach aof the aw] 167. This depression of the rack 100 will permit the counter-rocking of the bell crank 115. so 'that the totalizer carria e will be 'iunlocked free to travel, and tie master wheel will be locked against accidental rotation. The latch 171 will lock the driving rack 100 in its depressed position until it has completely returned, when the latch will be tripped by engagement of the arm 140 with the set screws 175 connected to the latch 1.71, and the rack bar 100 will once more come to its elevated position with the return of the universal frame 48 to its initial position. It is evident then that the totahzer will be unlocked and the master wheel locked, so that as'the carriage 41 advances to the next letter space, the totalizer 83 may move with it without danger of any error.

At the end of the forward st rokeand before 5"? which depresse tie rack 100 to'its non--' driving position, so that the sit-me or another numeral key could not be actuated until the rack had completely returned to its home position, and theparts all assumed a condition ready :for a subsequent "computing ac-' tion. Carry-over operations between (computing wheels 'w-ill be taken care of by the carryover wheels: 209, and these wheels will be permitted'it'o' rotate within a computing-zone only when meeded toefi'ect a carry over operation. They .will be 'ustifiedafter-action by the detents 215 under the operation of the bail 217 with its strong spring. A light detention of the earry over wheels is taken.

care of by the li htly pressed lungers-24.

I If the numera keys are user to print with upper-case characters other than the numeral keys, then the platen frame is shifted for upper-case(writing, which action will interrupt the connection between the oscilla- 'tor 7 8 and the linkage which connects it to operatethe drivin rack '100.'

Variations may e resorted to'within the scope of the invention, andpol'tions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I

aclaimr M11. The combination with a totalizer, of numeral keys for controlling computing operations carried: on by said totalizerrtypcwritin mechanism controlled by said numeral (eys, and including. a case-shift to enable the writing ofiupper-and lower-case characters bv said numeral keys. a master wheel for said totalizer, connections including a single universal shaft between said numeral keys and said master wheel avhereby each numeral key ositively drives said master wheel by its epression, and case-shiftoperated means foiginterrupting said counect-ions at said shaft.

2. The combination with .a totalizer. of numeral keys for controlling computing operations of said totalizer. a master wheel for said totalizer, connections between said numeral keys and said master wheel whereby each numeral key positively drives said master wheel bv its depression. includin an indexin universal, shaft. a case-shift mechanism or enabling the printing of either one of two sets of characters under the control of said numeral keys. and a case-shifto'perated means for breaking connection bctween said numeral keys and said totalizer at said shaft.

3. The combination with a totalizer. of a series of numeral keys. a master wheel for operating,' said totalizcr. (OlllltCllOllH bet ween ..said master wheel and said numeral keys whereby each numeral key positively drives said master wheel'by its depression, said -crinnections including anindexing mecha nism having a shaft universal to said keys and adjacentthereto, and moving variable master wheel, a. case-shift mechanism for enabling alternative printing with either one of two sets .of characters under the domination of said numeral keys, and case-shiftoperated means for interru ting the connection between said universa shaft andsaid master wheel at said shaft.

4. The combination with a series of numeral key levers, of a series of graded cams fast on said key levers differentially formed according to the values of said key levers, a rock bar universal to said cams and actuable thereby variable amounts according to the values of said key levers, a totalizer, a master wheel therefor, an actuator for said master wheel. includin a reciprocating bar, a rock shaft to whic said rock bar is fast, and an interruptible connection at said rock shaft for connecting it to said reciprocating bar.

5. The combination with a series of numeral-key levers, of a series of ditfentiallv formed cams fast on said key levers, a bail universal to said cams and actuable thereby different amounts to correspond with the values of the numeral key levers, a totalizer, a master wheel therefor, a reciprocating bar connected to operate said master wheel, a frame adapted to rock with said bail and connected to said bar to operate it, and a pivoted lever formin part of said frame shiftable to cause sai ball to positivel reciprocate said bar or to disconnect sai bar from said bail.

6. The tcombination with a totalizer, of numeral keys. an oscillator, differential connections enabling the actuation of said oscillator from said keys various amounts, said oscillator including a shaft, an arm fixed to said shaft to rock therewith, a pin on said arm, an interponent straddling said pin. a lever pivoted on said shaft and p1votall v connected to said interponent, said inter- -ponent being movable from engagement with said pin so 'as to interrupt the connection between said oscillator and said lever, and connections from said lever to said totalizerr 7. The combination with numeral keys, of an oscillator, differential connections between said numeral keys and said oscillator,

- a lever to be actuated by said oscillator, a

pin on said oscillator. and an intcrponent movable between positions of engagement and disengagement of said pin to control the effectiveness of the connection between said lever and said oscillator.

S. The combination with a series of unmeral keys, of an oscillator, driving connections between said numeral keys and said oscillator, a lever to be operated by said oscillator, and an interponent movablv connected to said lever and detachablv connectedto said oscillator to determine the effectiveness of said oscillator to drive said lever.

9. The combination with a series of numeral keys, of an oscillator, driving connec tions between said numeral keys and said oscillator, a lever to be operated by said oscillator, an interponent movably connected to said lever and detachabl v connected to said oscillator to determine the effectiveness of said oscillator to drive said lever. a spring normally holding said interponcnt in righ connectlon .with said oscillator, and means for disengaging said interponent from said oscillate 10. The combination with a series of numeral keys, of an oscillator, driving connections between said numeral keys and said oscillator, a lever to be operated by said oscillator, an interponent movablv connected to said lever and detachablv connected to said oscillator to determine the effectiveness of said oscillator to drive said lever. a spring normally holding said interponent in rigid connection with said oscillator. and means for disengaging said interponcnt from said oscillator, said lever having a stop to limit the disengaging inovement of said interponent and to limit the movement of said means.

11. The combination with typcwritgr numeral keys, of an oscillator controlled. in its movements by said numeral keys. a totalizer.

- a master wheel for operating said totalizer.

types, independent of the oscillator. opcr-- ins ated by said kc connections between Said.

oscillator and said master wheel including a frame, and a shiftable member forming part of said frame scttable to make said frame rigid with said oscillator or not, at will.

12. The combination with a platen. of a case-shift mechanism for said platen. numeral keys for effecting concomitant t vpewriting and computing operations. a totalizer dominated b said numeral keys. an oscillator. drivin connections enabling the movement of sai oscillator under the control of said numeral keys to .drive said totalizer. an interponent forming a connecting link between said connections and said Oscillator, and a bell crank operated from said case-shift mechanism for detaching said interponent from said oscillator.

13. The combination with typewriter numeral keys. of a traveling typewriter car riage. computing mechanism including a nmstcr wheel and computing wheels having a relative movement brought about by said carriage. cams fast to said numeral keys. a bail rockable by said cams, a reciprocating 

